Wastes and secondary raw materials

Great efforts are directed to the application of solid catalysts in the transformation of wastes and secondary raw materials. The reuse and valorisation of wastes and by-products of agroindustry into bioenergy or bioproducts is considered as a key point for the development of a new economical model known as Bioeconomy. Acidic and bifunctional catalysts can succesfully be applied to the valorisation of waste oils and fats, both for esterification and hydrogenation reactions.